The management controlling process is a systematic procedure designed to ensure organizational performance meets predetermined targets. The efficacy of this process hinges on the accurate sequencing of its constituent steps.
The essential steps are:
- Establish Performance Benchmarks: Define the expected levels of performance against which actual results will be evaluated.
- Quantify Realized Performance: Measure and record the actual outcomes achieved through various reliable methods.
- Contrast Performance Data with Benchmarks: Compare the measured actual performance against the established benchmarks to identify any differences.
- Investigate Discrepancies: Examine any identified deviations from benchmarks to determine their root causes and inform corrective actions.
Therefore, the correct order of the controlling process steps is (C), (B), (D), (A).