Compare the techniques of FISH with Microarray in terms of principle and applications.
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Note the differences in principle and applications of FISH and Microarray. The former works by hybridizing the probe with DNA on a slide, whereas the latter works on DNA on a chip based platform.
FISH Principle: Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) relies on hybridization, where a fluorescently tagged DNA or RNA probe binds to a complementary sequence on a chromosome, revealing its presence and location. This process is conducted on a microscopic slide.
Microarray Principle: Microarrays leverage complementary base pairing. Fluorescently labeled single-stranded DNA probes attach to single-stranded DNA molecules on a microarray plate. Hybridization detection reveals the presence and expression levels of specific genes or DNA sequences.
FISH Applications:
Diagnosing genetic diseases by pinpointing genetic abnormalities like deletions, amplifications, and translocations.
Mapping specific DNA sequences on chromosomes.
Determining the presence or absence of a particular gene.
Investigating gene translocations on chromosomes by microscopic visualization.
Microarray Applications:
Simultaneous monitoring of the entire genome, studying gene expression patterns, and analyzing gene interactions using a chip-based assay.
Comparing mRNA transcript quantities across cell populations, aiding in the study of regulatory defects, cellular responses, and cell cycle variations.