The correct answer is option (E):
Philanthropist : Generous
The relationship between "Virtuoso" and "Accomplished" is one of characteristic or quality. A virtuoso *is* accomplished; being accomplished is a defining trait of a virtuoso.
Now let's examine the options to find a similar relationship:
Aesthete: Austere - An aesthete appreciates beauty, and austere means severe or stern. There's no inherent connection, so this isn't correct.
Servant : Servile - A servant is a person who serves, and servile means excessively eager to serve or please. While there is a connection here, servile describes a *type* of servant, not necessarily a characteristic of all servants.
Hedonist: Pretentious - A hedonist seeks pleasure, and pretentious means attempting to appear more important or skilled than is the case. This pair does not share a relationship of characteristic or quality.
Priest: Orthodox - A priest is a religious official, and orthodox means conforming to established doctrine. This pair isn't defined by a characteristic.
Philanthropist : Generous - A philanthropist is someone who donates to good causes, and generous is a characteristic of a philanthropist. Being generous is what defines a philanthropist.
Therefore, the correct answer is Philanthropist : Generous because it shares the same relationship of characteristic or quality as the original word pair.