Question:medium

Calculate \( y(\log 2) \) if \( \dfrac{dy}{dx} = y + 5 \) and \( y(0) = 4 \).

Show Hint

Many differential equations of the form \( \frac{dy}{dx}=y+c \) can be solved quickly by separating variables and integrating logarithmically.
Updated On: Apr 20, 2026
  • \(12\)
  • \(13\)
  • \(14\)
  • \(15\)
Show Solution

The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
This is a first-order ordinary differential equation. We need to find the specific solution using the initial condition and then evaluate it at a specific point.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
We use the method of Separation of Variables:
\[ \int \frac{dy}{g(y)} = \int f(x) dx \] Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Separating the variables:
\[ \frac{dy}{y+5} = dx \] Integrating both sides:
\[ \int \frac{1}{y+5} dy = \int dx \] \[ \log|y+5| = x + C \] Using the initial condition \(y(0) = 4\):
\[ \log|4+5| = 0 + C \Rightarrow C = \log 9 \] The general equation becomes:
\[ \log|y+5| = x + \log 9 \] Taking the exponential of both sides:
\[ y+5 = 9e^x \] To find \(y(\log 2)\), substitute \(x = \log 2\):
\[ y+5 = 9e^{\log 2} \] Since \(e^{\log 2} = 2\):
\[ y+5 = 9(2) = 18 \] \[ y = 18 - 5 = 13 \] Step 4: Final Answer:
The value of \(y\) at \(x = \log 2\) is 13.
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