Question

Assertion (A): The Constitution of India does not adopt a rigid separation of powers among the Legislature, Executive and Judiciary. Reason (R): The constitutional framework incorporates a system of checks and balances, allowing limited functional overlap among the organs of the State.

• A. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
• B. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
• C. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
• D. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Hint:

India follows a system of functional separation with checks and balances, not a strict separation of powers as seen in some presidential systems.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understand separation of powers.
This doctrine divides power among the Legislature, Executive and Judiciary. India follows a flexible model, not a strict one.

Step 2: Check the Assertion.
In India the Executive comes from the Legislature and is answerable to it, and some functions overlap. So the Assertion that India does not have rigid separation is true.

Step 3: Check the Reason.
The Constitution uses checks and balances, letting each organ control the others a little. So the Reason is also true.

Step 4: Link the two.
The checks and balances and the limited overlap are exactly why India does not have rigid separation. So the Reason explains the Assertion.

Step 5: Rule out wrong options.
Since both A and R are true and R explains A, options saying one is false or R does not explain A are wrong.

Step 6: Final answer.
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
\[ \boxed{\text{Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).}} \]