Question

Amides can be converted into amines by a reaction named after

• A. Perkin
• B. Claisen
• C. Hofmann
• D. Kekule

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

The reaction that converts amides into amines is known as the Hofmann reaction or Hofmann rearrangement. This is an important organic reaction named after August Wilhelm von Hofmann. Let's explain this process in detail and why the other options do not apply:

1. Hofmann Reaction:
   • The Hofmann reaction involves the conversion of a primary amide to a primary amine with one less carbon atom.
   • The reaction proceeds by treating an amide with bromine and an aqueous or alcoholic sodium hydroxide solution.
   • The reaction mechanism involves halogenation of the amide, followed by rearrangement and decarboxylation to yield the amine.
2. Elimination of Other Options:
   • Perkin Reaction: This reaction is used in organic chemistry to synthesize α,β-unsaturated aromatic acids. It involves condensation of aromatic aldehydes with acetic anhydride.
   • Claisen Reaction: This refers to the Claisen condensation, which is a type of reaction used to form β-keto esters or β-diketones from two ester molecules in the presence of a strong base.
   • Kekule Structure: Kekule is known for the structural formula of benzene, not for methological organic reactions such as converting amides into amines.

Thus, the correct answer to the question is Hofmann, as it specifically refers to the reaction that converts amides into amines.