Question:medium

A specimen cited in the protologue is neither the holotype nor an isotype, nor one of the syntypes. This specimen is known as:

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Remember the hierarchy and purpose of type specimens. The holotype is the primary reference. Isotypes are duplicates. Paratypes are other specimens listed in the original publication. Neotypes are replacements for lost material. Understanding this logic helps differentiate them.
Updated On: Feb 18, 2026
  • Topotype
  • Paratype
  • Neotype
  • Epitype
Show Solution

The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Concept Summary:
The question identifies the correct term for a botanical specimen used in taxonomy. The definition is based on the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN). Accurate understanding of different 'type' specimen definitions is crucial. The question's text combines definitions, but the initial sentence distinctly defines one option.
Step 2: Detailed Definitions:
Type specimen terms are defined as follows:

Holotype: The specimen or illustration designated by the author as the nomenclatural type.
Isotype: A duplicate of the holotype.
Syntype: One of multiple specimens cited when a holotype wasn't designated, or simultaneously designated as types.
Paratype: A specimen cited in the original description (protologue) that is not a holotype, isotype, or syntype. This matches the question's description.
Topotype: A specimen from the same location as the holotype; a geographical, not formal, type designation.
Neotype: A replacement type chosen when original material is missing or destroyed.
Epitype: A clarifying type chosen when the original type material is ambiguous.
Step 3: Conclusion:
The provided definition—"A specimen cited in the protologue is neither the holotype nor an isotype, nor one of the syntypes"—precisely defines a Paratype.
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