Question:medium

(A) In levelling, datum surface is an arbitrary surface with reference to which the elevations of the points are measured and compared.
(B) The line of collimation or the line of sight is the line joining the intersection of the cross-hairs to the optical centre of the object glass and its continuation.
(C) A foresight is the first staff reading taken after setting up the instrument in any position.
(D) The height of instrument is the elevation of the plane of collimation when the instrument is levelled.
(E) A change point indicates the shifting of the instrument, both back sight and intermediate sight are taken on this change point.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Show Hint

Watch for two statements that quietly swap the standard meanings of backsight, foresight and intermediate sight.
  • (A), (B) and (D) only.
  • (A), (B) and (C) only.
  • (C), (D) and (E) only.
  • (B), (C) and (D) only.
Show Solution

The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: A quick way through this question is to look specifically for any statement that swaps two related surveying terms, since that is a common trick in these definition questions.
Step 2: Look at (C): it talks about "the first staff reading taken after setting up the instrument." Think about what actually happens on site: the very first reading after setting up over a new instrument position is always taken on a point of known elevation to fix the height of the instrument, and that reading is called a backsight, not a foresight. The statement has the two terms swapped, so (C) fails.
Step 3: Look at (E): a change point is where the surveyor closes one instrument setup and opens the next. The last reading before moving is a foresight, and the first reading after moving is a backsight. There is no intermediate sight involved at a change point at all, since intermediate sights are only the readings taken on points between the backsight and foresight within a single setup. The statement's use of "intermediate sight" is the wrong term, so (E) fails too.
Step 4: With (C) and (E) eliminated, only (A), (B) and (D) remain, and checking them against ordinary levelling vocabulary, the datum in (A), the line of collimation in (B), and the height of instrument in (D) are all textbook-accurate as written.
Step 5: That combination of surviving statements matches only one listed choice.\[\boxed{\text{Option 1: (A), (B) and (D) only}}\]
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