List of top MPT Questions on Cardiovascular system

Sequence of events for development of pulmonary congestion and oedema:
A. Na\(^+\) and water retention
B. Activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
C. Decreased cardiac output because of valvular heart disease
D. Tissue anoxia
E. Decreased renal perfusion
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): The cardiac output is generally represented in relation to the body's surface area (cardiac output/body surface area).
Reason (R): The cardiac output increases in direct proportion to the surface area of the body.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer.

A mechanical pump which helps a weakened ventricle to pump blood throughout the body so the heart does not have to work very hard:

Which of the following drugs is not used for chronic heart failure?

Arrange the given steps in the pathogenesis of cardiac oedema due to congestive heart failure (CHF) in order of occurrence:
(A) It leads to renal retention of sodium and water.
(B) It leads to hypovolemia.
(C) CHF leads to reduced cardiac output.
(D) Extra-renal (aldosterone) mechanism, intrinsic-renal mechanism ADH secretion are stimulated.

Recommendation for developing and maintaining cardiovascular fitness in healthy adults is: