List of top Mathematics and Quantitative Ecology Questions on Hypothesis testing

Students M and N sampled body lengths of two populations of a fish species using the same study design. The table below summarizes their data as mean \(\pm\) standard error.
Body length (cm)Population IPopulation II
Student M\(8.0 \pm 1.2\)\(6.2 \pm 0.7\)
Student N\(10.0 \pm 0.6\)\(5.1 \pm 0.3\)

Given that the data are normally distributed, when comparing the means of the populations using a t-test, which student will find a lower p-value?
In a null hypothesis significance test, the significance level \(\alpha\) was set to 0.01. For which one or more of the following p values would the null hypothesis be rejected?