The electric potential (\(V\)) and electric field (\(E\)) are closely related concepts in electrostatics. The electric field is a vector quantity that represents the force per unit charge at a given point in space, whereas electric potential is a scalar quantity that represents the potential energy per unit charge at a given point in space. Electric field and electric potential are related by the equations \[ E_r=-\frac{dV}{dr} \] and \[ \vec{E}=E_r\hat{r}, \] i.e., electric field is the negative gradient of the electric potential. This means that electric field points in the direction of decreasing potential and its magnitude is the rate of change of potential with distance. The electric field is the force that drives a unit charge to move from higher potential region to lower potential region and electric potential difference between the two points determines the work done in moving a unit charge from one point to the other.
A pair of square conducting plates having sides of length \(0.05\,\text{m}\) are arranged parallel to each other in x-y plane. They are \(0.01\,\text{m}\) apart along z-axis and are connected to a \(200\,\text{V}\) power supply as shown in the figure. An electron enters with a speed of \(3\times10^{7}\,\text{ms}^{-1}\) horizontally and symmetrically in the space between the two plates. Neglect the effect of gravity on the electron.
