List of top Building Services and Sustainability Questions on Building Performance Simulation and Evaluation

A building facade has 48 m² of glazing area. The properties of glass used in the glazing are as follows:
U-value: 5.2 W/m² °C
Light to Solar Gain (LSG) Ratio: 1.5
Visual Light Transmittance (VLT): 0.6
The average solar radiation on the glazing is 400 W/m². If the outdoor and indoor set point temperatures are 35 °C and 20 °C, respectively, then the total heat gain (in kW) through the glazing by conduction and radiation is (rounded off to two decimal places).

The built-up area of a shopping mall is 12,000 \(m^2\) and the percentage share of annual energy consumption from various sources is shown in the table below. The estimated average monthly solar energy consumption of the building is 10 MW-hr. The Building Energy Index (BEI) of the shopping mall (in kW-hr/\(m^2\)/year) is (in integer).

Energy source	Percentage share of annual energy consumption
Electricity from grid	52
Diesel for additional power	30
LPG for food court	10
Solar energy	8