1. By Fermentation of Sugar:
Ethyl alcohol is commonly prepared by the fermentation of sugar or molasses in the presence of yeast. The sugar (glucose) is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Chemical equation:
C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂
This process takes place under suitable temperature (about 25–30°C) in the absence of air. The alcohol formed is then purified by distillation.
2. By Hydration of Ethene (Industrial Method):
In industries, ethanol is prepared by passing ethene gas over concentrated phosphoric acid at high temperature and pressure.
C₂H₄ + H₂O → C₂H₅OH
Any Three Industrial Uses of Ethyl Alcohol:
1. As a Solvent:
Ethanol is widely used as a solvent in the manufacture of medicines, perfumes, paints, varnishes, and cosmetics.
2. In Preparation of Chemicals:
It is used as a raw material in the manufacture of chemicals such as acetic acid, ether, and esters.
3. As a Fuel:
Ethanol is used as a fuel and as a blending agent with petrol (power alcohol). It is also used in spirit lamps and alcohol-based fuels.
Thus, ethyl alcohol is prepared mainly by fermentation or hydration of ethene and has wide industrial applications as a solvent, raw material, and fuel.
