A full-wave rectifier circuit employs two diodes configured as a bridge. The AC input signal, applied via a transformer, is rectified by the diodes, yielding a pulsating DC output.
Working Principle:
1. In the positive half-cycle of the AC input, current traverses diode D1. Diode D2 is reverse-biased and inactive. Consequently, current flows through the load resistor \( R_L \) unidirectionally.
2. During the negative half-cycle, diode D1 is reverse-biased, while diode D2 becomes forward-biased, permitting current to flow through the load resistor in the identical direction.
This arrangement ensures a unidirectional output current.
\[
\text{Input waveform} \quad \text{and} \quad \text{Output waveform}
\]
\includegraphics[width=0.5\linewidth]{ph28.c.png}
The input AC voltage exhibits alternating positive and negative cycles. In contrast, the output current maintains a consistent direction, resulting in a pulsating DC waveform.