Step 1: Contrast Two Models:
There are two ideas to compare. A nation-state tries to build one common national culture. A state-nation accepts many cultures under one political roof.
India is called a state-nation, so we look for the option that speaks of many cultures sharing one state.
Step 2: Read the Options Against the Contrast:
Option 4 speaks of one nation and one state, which is the nation-state model. Option 3 speaks of assimilation, which also tries to make everyone alike.
These two go against the state-nation idea.
Step 3: Look at the Two Left:
Option 1 only speaks about which came first, politics or national feeling. It says nothing about how India deals with diversity.
Option 2 speaks of plural identities living peacefully in one state. That is the exact meaning.
Step 4: Conclusion:
The second option is correct.
Step 5: Final Recheck:
As a last check, say the idea in your own words. India did not ask every group to give up its language, religion or region to join the nation. It built one state in which all of them can stay as they are.
That sentence matches option 2 and none of the others, so the answer is confirmed.
Final Answer:
The state-nation model keeps many identities together, which is option 2.
\[ \boxed{\text{Option 2}} \]