Step 1: Understanding Bentham's Hedonism.
Jeremy Bentham, the founder of utilitarianism, posited that humans are governed by two primary motivators: pain and pleasure. This core tenet of his hedonistic philosophy asserts that the ultimate human objectives are the attainment of pleasure and the avoidance of pain.
Step 2: Analyzing the Options.
- 1. Mill: John Stuart Mill, a disciple of Bentham, expanded upon utilitarianism but did not originate this statement. - 2. Bentham: This is accurate. Bentham stressed that pleasure and pain are the fundamental drivers of human actions. - 3. Kant: Kant's ethical framework centers on duty and moral law, diverging from hedonistic principles.- 4. Aristotle: Aristotle's philosophy emphasized virtue and the concept of eudaimonia (human flourishing) over hedonism.
Step 3: Conclusion. The correct identification is 2. Bentham.
Final Answer: \[ \boxed{\text{The correct answer is 2. Bentham.}} \]