Step 1: Understanding the Book 'Laws'.
'Laws' is a late dialogue by Plato, examining the nature of law and the structure of an ideal state.
Step 2: Analyzing the Options.
- 1. Plato: Correct. Plato authored 'Laws', discussing justice and governance.- 2. Aristotle: Author of 'Nicomachean Ethics', 'Politics', etc., but not 'Laws'.- 3. Socrates: A character in Plato's works, not the author of 'Laws'.- 4. Protagoras: A pre-Socratic philosopher; did not write 'Laws'.
Step 3: Conclusion. The correct answer is 1. Plato.
Final Answer: \[ \boxed{\text{The correct answer is 1. Plato.}} \]