The answer is George Soros. His investment fund, Quantum Fund, took an enormous short position against the British pound heading into September 1992, betting that the currency would be forced out of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism. That is exactly what happened on Black Wednesday, 16 September 1992, when the UK government, unable to defend the pound's value even after hiking interest rates, pulled it out of the mechanism and let it devalue. Soros walked away with an estimated $1 billion in profit from that single trade, which is how the label "The Man Who Broke the Bank of England" came to be attached to his name.
The other names on the list belong to entirely different fields. George W Bush served as a US president and had nothing to do with British currency markets. Paul Volcker is remembered for steering the US Federal Reserve through the inflation fight of the early 1980s, well before this event. Ben Bernanke led the Federal Reserve during the 2008 crisis, over fifteen years after Black Wednesday. Since none of them were involved in the pound trade, George Soros remains the correct and only fitting answer.