Question

Who has discussed 'Basic anxiety' and Basic hostility'?

• A. Karen Horney
• B. Dollard and Miller
• C. B. F. Skinner
• D. Albert Bandura

Hint:

Associate Karen Horney with the idea of "social" psychoanalysis. Her focus was on social relationships and culture, and the anxiety and hostility that can arise from them, which sets her apart from Freud's biological focus.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Concept Identification:
The inquiry seeks to pinpoint the psychoanalytic theorist responsible for the foundational concepts of "basic anxiety" and "basic hostility."
Step 2: Detailed Analysis:
(A) Karen Horney: A significant neo-Freudian theorist, Horney's framework emphasizes the critical role of the early social environment, specifically the parent-child dynamic, in development. She posited that parental indifference, inconsistency, or rejection fosters basic hostility in the child towards them. This hostility, due to the inability to express it safely, is repressed, leading to basic anxiety – a sense of isolation and vulnerability in a potentially hostile world.
(B) Dollard and Miller: Recognized for their synthesis of psychoanalytic ideas with learning theory, notably the frustration-aggression hypothesis.
(C) B. F. Skinner: A prominent radical behaviorist, known for contributions to operant conditioning.
(D) Albert Bandura: A social learning theorist, acclaimed for his research on observational learning and self-efficacy.
Step 3: Conclusive Determination:
Karen Horney introduced the concepts of 'basic anxiety' and 'basic hostility'.