To determine if population growth outpaces food supply, we examine the theories of Thomas Malthus, an 18th-century economist known for his work on demographics. His ideas have significantly influenced Geography and related fields.
Malthusian Theory posits that population grows geometrically (exponentially), while food production increases arithmetically (linearly). Malthus asserted that unchecked population growth would inevitably outstrip agricultural output, resulting in scarcity and famine.
This is detailed in his 1798 work, "An Essay on the Principle of Population." Malthus contended that even technological advancements in agriculture would only offer temporary relief, as population growth tendencies would ultimately lead to resource depletion.
Consequently, the relevant figure is identified as: Malthus, whose analyses continue to inform demographic research and the study of resource management in relation to population expansion.