Step 1: The transverse sinus is the curved tunnel you can pass a finger through behind the great arteries when examining the heart in the pericardial sac.
Step 2: Map its walls. In front sit the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk together, behind sits the superior vena cava, and below it is the roof of the left atrium.
Step 3: The question asks for the posterior relation, which is the superior vena cava (SVC).
Step 4: The other choices are the anterior (aorta, pulmonary trunk) and inferior (left atrium) boundaries, so they are excluded.
\[\boxed{\text{SVC (superior vena cava)}}\]