Step 1: Know what the Economic Survey is.
The Economic Survey is an annual flagship document that reviews India's economic performance over the past year and provides an outlook for the year ahead. It is presented to Parliament before the Union Budget.
Step 2: Identify the publishing body.
It is published by the Ministry of Finance, Government of India. The document is prepared by the office of the Chief Economic Advisor (CEA) and tabled in Parliament one day before the Union Budget is presented.
Step 3: Eliminate the distractors.
NITI Aayog publishes policy and strategy reports. The Ministry of Commerce handles trade data. The Planning Commission (dissolved in 2014) handled five-year plans. The Economic Survey belongs exclusively to the Ministry of Finance.
\[ \boxed{\text{Ministry of Finance}} \]