Tractor Availability: Tractors were absent in India during the Mughal era. Cultivation primarily relied on conventional methods, including bullocks and manual labor.
Land Abundance: Extensive fertile land availability was crucial for the sustained growth of agriculture in the Mughal period.
Labor Availability: A substantial peasant population facilitated significant agricultural expansion through ample labor.
Peasant Mobility: The capacity of peasants to relocate and cultivate new territories was a key driver of agricultural growth.