Which one of the following is utilized to determine the long-term deformation of concrete under sustained loading?

Question

What is the CORRECT match between the air pollutants and treatment techniques given in the table

Air Pollutants		Treatment techniques
P	NO₂	i	Flaring
Q	SO₂	ii	Cyclonic separator
R	CO	iii	Lime scrubbing
S	Particles	iv	NH₃ injection

Answer 1

This question checks if you can tell apart the different time-dependent and load-independent properties of concrete: creep, shrinkage, modulus of rupture, and split tensile strength.

Creep: When concrete carries a constant sustained stress, its strain does not stay fixed after the initial elastic strain. It keeps rising slowly over weeks, months, and years, even though the stress itself is unchanged. This continued rise in strain under constant load is exactly what "long-term deformation under sustained loading" means, so creep fits the question directly.
Shrinkage: This is a reduction in the volume of concrete caused by loss of moisture and by the chemical process of hydration. It happens in unloaded concrete too, so it is not tied to sustained loading at all.
Modulus of rupture: This comes from a flexure (bending) test on a plain concrete beam and gives the extreme fiber tensile stress at failure. It is a strength value obtained in a short test, with no time element.
Split tensile strength: This is found by loading a concrete cylinder along its diameter until it splits, giving an indirect measure of tensile strength. Like the modulus of rupture, it is a short-duration strength test, not a long-term deformation measure.

Only creep represents deformation that builds up over a long duration while the sustained load stays constant, so option (A) is correct.

Let's summarize:

Creep = slow strain increase under constant sustained stress, growing with time.
Shrinkage = moisture/volume related, independent of load.
Modulus of rupture and split tensile strength = instantaneous strength values from short tests, not long-term deformations.

So the correct answer is creep.

Answer 2

This question checks if you can tell apart the different time-dependent and load-independent properties of concrete: creep, shrinkage, modulus of rupture, and split tensile strength.

Creep: When concrete carries a constant sustained stress, its strain does not stay fixed after the initial elastic strain. It keeps rising slowly over weeks, months, and years, even though the stress itself is unchanged. This continued rise in strain under constant load is exactly what "long-term deformation under sustained loading" means, so creep fits the question directly.
Shrinkage: This is a reduction in the volume of concrete caused by loss of moisture and by the chemical process of hydration. It happens in unloaded concrete too, so it is not tied to sustained loading at all.
Modulus of rupture: This comes from a flexure (bending) test on a plain concrete beam and gives the extreme fiber tensile stress at failure. It is a strength value obtained in a short test, with no time element.
Split tensile strength: This is found by loading a concrete cylinder along its diameter until it splits, giving an indirect measure of tensile strength. Like the modulus of rupture, it is a short-duration strength test, not a long-term deformation measure.

Only creep represents deformation that builds up over a long duration while the sustained load stays constant, so option (A) is correct.

Let's summarize:

Creep = slow strain increase under constant sustained stress, growing with time.
Shrinkage = moisture/volume related, independent of load.
Modulus of rupture and split tensile strength = instantaneous strength values from short tests, not long-term deformations.

So the correct answer is creep.

Which one of the following is utilized to determine the long-term deformation of concrete under sustained loading?

Show Hint

The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

Top Questions on Concrete

Questions Asked in GATE CE exam