Question

Which one of the following is a correct example of Fruticose Lichen?

• A. Rhizocarpon
• B. Parmelia
• C. Cladonia
• D. Graphis

Hint:

Use visual mnemonics for lichen types:

\textbf{Crust}ose = like a \textbf{crust} of paint.
\textbf{Foli}ose = like \textbf{foli}age or leaves.
\textbf{Frut}icose = like a tiny \textbf{fru}it-bearing shrub.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Concept Overview:
The question requires identification of a lichen genus with a fruticose growth form. Lichens are categorized into three main types based on thallus structure.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Defining the three lichen growth forms and classifying the provided genera:

Crustose: Crust-like thallus tightly bound to the substrate, irremovable without damage. Examples: {Rhizocarpon} (map lichen) and {Graphis} (script lichen).
Foliose: Leaf-like, flattened thallus with upper and lower surfaces, loosely attached. Example: {Parmelia} (rock shield lichen).
Fruticose: Shrub-like, hair-like, or finger-like thallus, erect or pendulous, attached only at the base. Examples: {Cladonia} (including reindeer moss), {Usnea} (old man's beard), and {Evernia}.
Step 3: Final Answer:
From the provided options, {Cladonia} exemplifies a fruticose lichen.