Step 1: Concept Overview:
The task is to determine which author from the given list is NOT associated with Caribbean literature.
Step 2: Solution:
Analyze each author's origin:
\[\begin{array}{rl} \bullet & \text{Derek Walcott: A Nobel Prize-winning poet and playwright from Saint Lucia. } \\ \bullet & \text{Edward Kamau Brathwaite: An influential poet and academic from Barbados. } \\ \bullet & \text{Patrick White: A Nobel Prize-winning novelist from Australia. } \\ \bullet & \text{Aimé Césaire: A poet, author, and politician from Martinique. He was a key figure in the Négritude movement. } \\ \end{array}\]Patrick White is therefore the author not associated with the Caribbean.
Step 3: Answer:
The answer is (C).