Question

Which of the given factors can affect frequency in Mendelian population?
A. Migration
B. Mutation
C. Selection
D. Random shift
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. A, B and D only
• B. A, B and C only
• C. A, B, C and D
• D. B, C and D only

Hint:

The five conditions for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (i.e., not evolving) are: No mutation, No migration, No selection, Large population size (to avoid genetic drift), and Random mating. Any factor that violates these conditions will affect allele frequencies.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Concept Overview:
The question explores factors influencing allele and genotype frequencies within a Mendelian population. This relates to population genetics and the forces driving evolution, causing deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The Hardy-Weinberg principle posits stable allele frequencies in a population absent evolutionary influences. These influences alter allele frequencies. Analyzing the factors:


A. Migration (Gene Flow): Introduces or alters allele proportions through individual movement, impacting allele frequency.

B. Mutation: The origin of new genetic variation. Mutations generate new alleles, directly modifying allele frequency, though slowly.

C. Selection (Natural Selection): Favored genotypes with higher fitness increase allele frequency over generations.

D. Genetic Drift (Random shift): Random allele frequency fluctuations, significant in smaller populations. A non-selective force causing allele loss or fixation.

Step 3: Conclusion:
Migration, Mutation, Selection, and Genetic Drift are the primary evolutionary forces impacting population allele frequencies.