To determine which statement related to the modern periodic table is incorrect, let's examine each option one by one:
- The statement: "The p-block has 6 columns, because a maximum of 6 electrons can occupy all the orbitals in a p-shell."
- This statement is correct. The p-block consists of 3 orbitals (\(p_x, p_y, p_z\)), each of which can hold 2 electrons, resulting in a total capacity of 6 electrons.
- The statement: "The d-block has 8 columns, because a maximum of 8 electrons can occupy all the orbitals in a d-subshell."
- This statement is incorrect. The d-subshell consists of 5 orbitals (\(d_{xy}, d_{yz}, d_{zx}, d_{x^2-y^2}, d_{z^2}\)), and each orbital can hold 2 electrons, leading to a total capacity of 10 electrons. Thus, the d-block actually has 10 columns.
- The statement: "Each block contains a number of columns equal to the number of electrons that can occupy that subshell."
- This statement is generally correct. For example, the s-block has 2 columns (corresponding to 2 electrons that can fill the s subshell), the p-block has 6 columns, and the d-block should have 10 columns, not 8, as explained earlier.
- The statement: "The block indicates value of azimuthal quantum number (\(l\)) for the last subshell that received electrons in building up the electronic configuration."
- This statement is correct. The blocks (s, p, d, f) in the periodic table correspond to the azimuthal quantum number values of 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively, for the last subshell being filled.
Based on the analysis above, the incorrect statement is: "The d-block has 8 columns, because a maximum of 8 electrons can occupy all the orbitals in a d-subshell."