Step 1: Groundwater Utilization Explained:
Groundwater utilization quantifies the extracted replenishable groundwater, mainly for irrigation. High utilization rates indicate significant extraction, frequently resulting in depletion.
Step 2: State-Specific Analysis:
Examining the states:
Punjab and Haryana: Central to the Green Revolution, these states practice intensive agriculture with water-intensive crops like rice and wheat. Their groundwater utilization is exceedingly high, often surpassing 100% of recharge rates, causing severe water table decline.
Tamil Nadu: This state features substantial intensive agricultural areas and experiences limited rainfall outside monsoon periods, leading to a pronounced reliance on groundwater for irrigation.
Odisha: Situated in a region with above-average rainfall and a distinct agricultural profile, Odisha's groundwater utilization is considerably lower than that of northwestern and some southern states. It is not characterized by high state-wide groundwater stress.
Step 3: Conclusion:
Compared to Punjab, Haryana, and Tamil Nadu, Odisha exhibits significantly lower groundwater utilization levels.