Question:medium

Which of the following properties is most critical for a tool steel intended for high-speed machining applications?

Show Hint

Cobalt (Co) is added to high-speed tool steels and cemented carbides specifically to enhance their red hardness by solid-solution strengthening the matrix at elevated temperatures.
Updated On: Jul 3, 2026
  • High toughness
  • Low density
  • High electrical conductivity
  • Hot hardness (or red hardness)
Show Solution

The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

Picture what happens right at the cutting edge of a tool during high-speed machining, where friction against the workpiece and the flowing chip generates intense, localized heat that can push the tip temperature well past 500 to 600 degrees Celsius. A plain hardened tool would simply soften at that temperature because its martensite would over-temper and its carbides would coarsen quickly. High-speed steels avoid this problem because they are alloyed with strong carbide formers such as tungsten, molybdenum and vanadium, which form very fine, thermally stable secondary carbides that resist coarsening even while the tool is glowing hot during a cut. Since the tool has to hold onto its hardness while red hot rather than simply be tough or lightweight, hot hardness is what decides whether a steel is suitable for high-speed cutting. So the correct choice is option (D).
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