Paramagnetic materials possess unpaired electrons and exhibit weak attraction to magnetic fields. They do not maintain magnetization when an external magnetic field is removed.
Sodium and Calcium: Both sodium and calcium are paramagnetic. Sodium and calcium atoms contain unpaired electrons, resulting in their weak attraction to magnetic fields.
Copper and Aluminium: Copper and aluminium are diamagnetic, not paramagnetic.
Lead and Iron: Lead is diamagnetic, and iron is ferromagnetic. This pair does not exemplify paramagnetic materials.
Nickel and Cobalt: Nickel and cobalt are ferromagnetic, not paramagnetic, due to their strong magnetic properties and retention of magnetization.