Question:medium

Which of the following methods are employed for the estimation of infiltration characteristics of soil for design of irrigation system?
(A)Use of Infiltrometer
(B)Measurement of subsidence of free water in a large basin
(C)Estimation of accumulated infiltration from water front advance data
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Show Hint

Consider whether each of the three techniques described actually measures water entering the soil over time.
  • (A), (B) and (C).
  • (B) and (C) only.
  • (A) and (C) only.
  • (A), and (B) only.
Show Solution

The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Instead of picking one method, check whether each technique actually measures water entering the soil over time. The infiltrometer directly records the fall in ponded water depth inside a ring, giving a point infiltration rate.
Step 2: The large basin method extends this same idea to a bigger ponded area, tracking how much the free water surface subsides, useful for basin or border irrigation design.
Step 3: The water front advance method instead watches how quickly the wetting front moves along a furrow and back-calculates the accumulated infiltration from that advance and recession data, which suits furrow irrigation design.
Since all three approaches genuinely estimate infiltration, none can be excluded.
\[\boxed{\text{(A), (B) and (C)}}\]
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