Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question asks for the standard laboratory equipment used to determine the volumetric composition of exhaust gases (flue gases) from a combustion process.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Orsat Apparatus: This is a classic chemical analysis tool used to measure the percentage of Carbon Dioxide ($CO_2$), Carbon Monoxide ($CO$), and Oxygen ($O_2$) in a sample of flue gas.
The apparatus consists of a calibrated burette and several absorption pipettes containing specific chemical reagents.
For example, KOH is used to absorb $CO_2$, alkaline pyrogallol absorbs $O_2$, and ammoniacal cuprous chloride absorbs $CO$.
By measuring the volume reduction after each absorption stage, the percentage of each gas can be calculated.
Review of incorrect options:
Bomb Calorimeter: This is used to measure the Calorific Value (heating value) of solid and liquid fuels by burning them in a high-pressure oxygen environment.
Infrared Balance: Primarily used for moisture analysis in samples by heating them with infrared radiation and measuring weight loss.
Spectrophotometer: Used for quantitative analysis of chemical substances by measuring light absorption at specific wavelengths, though complex, it is not the traditional "flue gas analyzer" mentioned in core engineering contexts.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The Orsat apparatus is the designated instrument for the volumetric analysis of flue gas components.