Question:hard

Which of the following is not stated in Section 63(4) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, with regard to a certificate to verify the authenticity of electronic evidence?

Show Hint

The BSA 2023 raises the bar for electronic evidence! Always check for the "Hash Value" and the mandatory "Expert signature" to ensure compliance with the new Schedule.
Updated On: Jun 8, 2026
  • Signed by both the person in charge of the computer or communication device and an expert, with the certificate adhering to the format prescribed in the Adhiniyam's Schedule.
  • Qualification of an expert.
  • The form specified in the Schedule requires that electronic evidence be accompanied by a 'hash value'.
  • None of the above
Show Solution

The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Understand the question.
Section 63(4) of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), 2023, deals with the certificate that verifies the authenticity of electronic evidence. We must find which option is NOT stated in it.

Step 2: Recall what Section 63(4) requires.
The new law tightened the certification rules for electronic records. The certificate must be signed by the right people and must contain certain technical details set out in the Schedule.

Step 3: Check option A.
Option A says the certificate must be signed by both the person in charge of the device and an expert, in the format prescribed in the Schedule. This is indeed a requirement under Section 63(4). So A is stated, and is not our answer.

Step 4: Check option B.
Option B refers to the qualification of an expert. The certificate process does call for the expert's qualifications. So B is stated, and is not our answer.

Step 5: Check option C.
Option C says the Schedule form requires the electronic evidence to carry a hash value. The new law does require the hash value of the electronic data. So C is stated, and is not our answer.

Step 6: Decide the odd one out.
Since A, B, and C are all genuine requirements stated in or under Section 63(4), there is nothing left that is not stated. So the correct choice is None of the above, meaning none of the listed items is something that is not stated.

Step 7: Final answer.
\[ \boxed{\text{None of the above}} \]
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