An Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Converter digitizes continuous analog signals. Its primary components are:
- Sampler: Captures the analog signal at specific points in time.
- Quantiser: Assigns discrete amplitude levels to the sampled values.
- Encoder: Translates the quantized levels into binary representations.
An Equaliser is separate from the A/D conversion process. It modifies frequency characteristics in audio applications and is not involved in converting analog signals to digital.