Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is founded on several core principles:
- Encapsulation (A) involves grouping data and the methods that act on it within a class, concealing internal workings from external interaction.
- Inheritance (B) enables a class to acquire characteristics and functionalities from another class, facilitating code duplication.
- Polymorphism (C) permits objects of various types to be handled as instances of a shared parent type, generally supporting method overriding.
- Compilation (D) is not an OOP principle but a procedure that translates high-level programming code into machine-executable code. Its connection to OOP principles is indirect.
Therefore, the accurate selection is (D), Compilation.