Question

Which of the following is diamagnetic

• A. Bi
• B. Gd
• C. Co
• D. Na
• E. Fe

Hint:

Common examples of diamagnetic substances to memorize for exams include Bismuth, Copper, Water, Gold, and Silicon.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

To determine which of the given options is diamagnetic, we need to understand the concept of magnetic properties of materials. Materials can be classified as diamagnetic, paramagnetic, or ferromagnetic based on their interaction with external magnetic fields.

• Diamagnetic materials: These materials have paired electrons and generate an induced magnetic field in the opposite direction to an externally applied magnetic field. As a result, they are weakly repelled by a magnetic field.
• Paramagnetic materials: These materials have unpaired electrons and are attracted to external magnetic fields, but they do not retain magnetic properties when the external field is removed.
• Ferromagnetic materials: These materials have unpaired electrons and can retain magnetic properties even after the external magnetic field is removed.

Based on this understanding, let's analyze the options provided:

1. Bi (Bismuth): Bismuth has all paired electrons, which makes it diamagnetic. It is weakly repelled by a magnetic field.
2. Gd (Gadolinium): Gadolinium has unpaired electrons. It is known for its strong paramagnetic properties, making it not diamagnetic.
3. Co (Cobalt): Cobalt is a ferromagnetic material with unpaired electrons, capable of retaining magnetic properties, hence not diamagnetic.
4. Na (Sodium): Sodium has an unpaired electron in the outermost shell, categorizing it as paramagnetic.
5. Fe (Iron): Iron is a well-known ferromagnetic material, meaning it is not diamagnetic.

After analyzing each option, it is clear that Bismuth (Bi) is the only diamagnetic material among the given options.

Conclusion: The correct answer is Bi (Bismuth).