Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
To identify the correct match, we must review the anatomical parts of the male (anther) and female (embryo sac) reproductive structures and their biological functions.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let's analyze each pair provided in the options:
(A) Tapetum — Mechanical support: This is incorrect. The tapetum is the innermost layer of the anther wall. Its function is nutritive. It absorbs nutrients from the middle layers and provides them to the developing microspores. It also secretes enzymes and sporopollenin. Mechanical support is provided by the outermost epidermis.
(B) Endothecium — Pollen nourishment: This is incorrect. While the endothecium is an anther wall layer, its primary role is related to dehiscence (the physical opening of the anther). Its fibrous thickenings help it contract when dry, splitting the anther open. It does not nourish pollen.
(C) Synergids — Filiform apparatus: This is correct. In the embryo sac, the two synergid cells possess specialized cellular thickenings called the filiform apparatus. This structure is essential for guiding the pollen tube toward the egg cell by secreting chemotropic signals.
(D) Antipodals — Male gamete production: This is incorrect. Antipodals are three cells located at the chalazal end of the embryo sac. They have no role in gamete production; they usually degenerate. Male gametes are produced within the pollen grain in the anther.
Based on this systematic check, only the pairing in Option (C) is scientifically accurate.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correctly matched pair is (C) Synergids — Filiform apparatus.