Question

Which of the following is a critical parameter for drought tolerance in dryland fruits?

• A. Large stomata
• B. Shallow root system
• C. Large sized leaves
• D. Short duration varieties

Hint:

Drought tolerance strategies can be categorized as: drought escape (short duration), drought avoidance (e.g., deep roots, reduced leaf area to conserve water), and drought tolerance (biochemical mechanisms to withstand low water potential). 'Drought escape' is a very important strategy for annual crops and some fruit varieties in arid regions.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Core Concept:
The prompt seeks a crucial trait or method enabling fruit crops to withstand drought in arid environments.

Step 2: Option Analysis:
Examine the options as drought tolerance strategies:
\[\begin{array}{rl} \bullet & \text{1. Large stomata: Incorrect. Xerophytes (dry-adapted plants) usually have smaller, sunken, or fewer stomata to minimize water loss via transpiration. } \\ \bullet & \text{2. Shallow root system: Incorrect. Deep, extensive roots are key for drought tolerance, allowing access to water in deeper soil layers. } \\ \bullet & \text{3. Large sized leaves: Incorrect. Large leaves increase transpiration and water loss. Drought-tolerant plants often have small, modified, or waxy leaves. } \\ \bullet & \text{4. Short duration varieties: Correct. This is "drought escape." Short life cycles enable completion of growth and reproduction during available moisture (e.g., rainy season), avoiding severe drought. This is effective for dryland cultivation. } \\ \end{array}\]

Step 3: Conclusion:
Short duration varieties are critical for drought tolerance in dryland fruit cultivation.