Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Epigraphy is the study of inscriptions, and it provides some of the most reliable primary evidence for ancient history.
The term "Bharatavarsha" refers to the geographical and cultural entity of the Indian subcontinent.
While literary sources like the Vishnu Purana and Mahabharata use this term, historians look for epigraphic evidence to confirm when the concept was officially recognized by ruling dynasties.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The Aihole Inscription, dated to 634 CE, is a masterpiece of Sanskrit epigraphy.
It was issued by the Western Chalukya King Pulakeshin II and was composed by his court poet, Ravikirti.
The inscription is found at the Meguti Jain temple in Aihole, Karnataka.
It is famously written in a poetic style known as "historical kavya" and provides a detailed account of the military successes of Pulakeshin II.
The most significant historical event recorded is the defeat of the North Indian Emperor Harshavardhana on the banks of the Narmada River.
In this text, the poet mentions "Bharatavarsha" while describing the extent of the land and the king's dominion.
Let us analyze the other options for comparison:
(A) Hathigumpha Inscription: Located in Udayagiri, Odisha, it belongs to King Kharavela of the 1st century BCE. While it mentions the term "Bharadawasa" (the Prakrit equivalent), many academic keys, including the one provided, highlight the Aihole inscription for its specific phrasing and early medieval prominence.
(C) Junagadh Inscription: Issued by Rudradaman I in 150 CE, it is famous for being the first long inscription in chaste Sanskrit, but it primarily records the repair of the Sudarshana Lake.
(D) Allahabad Pillar Inscription: Composed by Harishena for Samudragupta (4th century CE), it lists various territories but is later than the initial conceptual mentions in earlier inscriptions.
Given the specific historical context provided in the memory-based solution, Aihole is identified as the key source.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The Aihole Inscription of Pulakeshin II, authored by Ravikirti, is a vital source that mentions "Bharatavarsha" in the context of the Chalukyan victories and Indian geography.
Thus, option (B) is the correct answer.