Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Migration is driven by push and pull factors.- Push factors: Negative conditions in the place of origin that motivate departure (e.g., poverty, disasters, lack of services).- Pull factors: Positive conditions at the destination that attract individuals (e.g., jobs, education, stability).
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Let's analyze the given factors from the perspective of a rural area:\[\begin{array}{rl} \bullet & \text{(A) Flood: A natural disaster like a flood destroys homes, crops, and livelihoods, making life difficult and forcing people to leave. This is a strong push factor.} \\ \bullet & \text{(B) Political instability: Lack of security, conflict, or poor governance in a rural area can make it unsafe or untenable to live there, pushing people to seek stability elsewhere. This is a push factor.} \\ \bullet & \text{(C) Better job opportunities: This is a feature of the destination (the urban area). It attracts people to the city. Therefore, it is a pull factor, not a push factor.} \\ \bullet & \text{(D) High agricultural yields: This is a positive condition in the rural area. It would provide a good livelihood and encourage people to stay, not leave. This is an anti-push factor.} \\ \end{array}\]Therefore, the only push factors in the list are floods and political instability.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The push factors for rural to urban migration are (A) Flood and (B) Political instability.