Question

Which disease is characterized by symptoms such as dehydration, excessive loss of water in urine, and absence of glucose in the urine?

• A. Diabetes Mellitus
• B. Diabetes Insipidus
• C. Hyperthyroidism
• D. Addison's Disease

Hint:

Distinguishing between Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Insipidus is essential, as they involve different hormones and treatment approaches despite similar names.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Diabetes Insipidus (DI) is defined by extreme thirst and the passage of substantial volumes of highly diluted urine, which lacks glucose. DI differs from Diabetes Mellitus, which is associated with elevated blood glucose and urinary glucose. DI stems from impaired water regulation due to problems with antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or the kidneys' ADH response. This results in significant water loss, dehydration, and electrolyte disturbances.
Types of Diabetes Insipidus: Central DI: Occurs due to inadequate ADH production by the pituitary gland.

Nephrogenic DI: Arises from the kidneys' lack of response to ADH. 

Conclusion: Diabetes Insipidus is characterized by dehydration, excessive urinary water excretion, and the absence of glucose in the urine.