Step 1: Identify what the question is asking.
It wants the country behind the AI Basic Act, a full legal framework passed in 2026 to govern how artificial intelligence is built and used.
Step 2: Rule out the unlikely options.
Qatar and Iraq do not have any major standalone AI legislation making headlines, and China's AI rules are handled through separate administrative measures rather than one named Act.
Step 3: Recall the actual news.
South Korea passed its comprehensive AI Basic Act, becoming one of the first Asian nations with a dedicated AI law of this scale.
\[ \boxed{\text{South Korea}} \]