Step 1: Understanding Dialectical Materialism.
Dialectical materialism, a key Marxist concept, outlines the principles governing the evolution of the material world and society. Its three primary laws are:
1. Unity and conflict of opposites: Internal contradictions within all things propel change.
2. Negation of negation: Development occurs through contradiction, where negation leads to novelty.
3. Transition of quantity into quality: Gradual quantitative shifts result in qualitative transformations.
Step 2: Option Analysis.
- (1) The law of unity and conflict of opposites: A fundamental law of dialectical materialism.
- (2) The law of negation of negation: Another core tenet of dialectical materialism.
- (3) The law of transition of quantity into quality: A valid law within dialectical materialism.
- (4) The law of equality of materialistic dialectics: Not a recognized law of dialectical materialism.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (4) The law of equality of materialistic dialectics.