Step 1: Understanding the Question:
This is a history-based question asking to identify the specific British legislative act that introduced the position of a Law Member into the Governor-General of India's Council.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
This question requires knowledge of the constitutional development of India under British rule. We need to recall the key features of the acts listed in the options.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
- The Charter Act of 1833, also known as the Saint Helena Act 1833, was a significant milestone in the legislative process in British India.
- This act made the Governor-General of Bengal the Governor-General of India and vested in him all civil and military powers.
- For legislative purposes, the act expanded the Governor-General's Council by adding a fourth member, who was designated as the Law Member.
- This member's role was to provide professional legal advice for law-making. The first Law Member to be appointed was Lord Macaulay.
- The other acts had different primary provisions: The Regulating Act of 1773 was the first step of British parliamentary control; the Charter Act of 1813 ended the East India Company's trade monopoly in India (except for tea and trade with China); and the Government of India Act of 1858 transferred the governance of India from the Company to the British Crown.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The Charter Act, 1833 was the first to provide for the appointment of a Law Member.