Step 1: Read the question carefully.
A landowner gives his land to a builder. In return he gets 50 percent of the finished building plus some money. Later he wants to complain about bad construction and delay. The question asks if he can use the Consumer Protection Act, 2019.
Step 2: Know who a consumer is.
Under the Consumer Protection Act, a consumer is a person who buys goods or hires a service for his own use and pays for it. A person who joins a business deal to earn profit is normally not a consumer.
Step 3: Understand a Joint Development Agreement.
In this deal the landowner gives land and the builder gives money, labour and skill. Both share the finished property. So both are partners in one project. The landowner is not simply paying for a service. He is taking part in a commercial venture.
Step 4: Apply the law to these facts.
Because both sides share the profit and the project, the landowner is treated as a business partner, not a buyer of service. So he does not fit the meaning of consumer. The complaint cannot go to the consumer forum.
Step 5: See why the other options are wrong.
Option 1 is wrong because not building himself does not make him a consumer. Option 2 is wrong because the deal is already commercial in nature; consent or profit proof is not the test. Option 4 is wrong because a mere defect does not change a commercial deal into a consumer deal.
Step 6: Final answer.
The right remedy for the landowner is contract law, arbitration or a civil suit, not the consumer forum.
\[ \boxed{\text{The landowner is not a consumer as the transaction constitutes a commercial joint venture.}} \]