Question

What is the name of the process by which bacteria take up naked DNA from their environment?

• A. Transduction
• B. Conjugation
• C. Transformation
• D. Translation

Hint:

Naked DNA uptake → Transformation → Important for genetic variation.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Bacteria can acquire new genetic information through horizontal gene transfer (HGT), which allows for rapid adaptation and antibiotic resistance.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
There are three main mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer:
1. Transformation: The process where a competent bacterial cell takes up free, "naked" DNA fragments released by dead or lysed cells in the environment.
2. Transduction: DNA transfer mediated by a bacteriophage (virus).
3. Conjugation: DNA transfer through direct cell-to-cell contact via a sex pilus (mating).
Translation is the process of making protein from mRNA and is not a gene transfer mechanism.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The process of taking up naked DNA from the environment is called Transformation.