Picture the cartoon: when the long head of biceps tendon ruptures, the muscle belly retracts and balls up low in the arm, looking just like Popeye's bulging forearm, hence the name Popeye sign.
Confirm: the bulge grows more obvious on flexing the elbow because the freed muscle contracts into a lump. That clinches the diagnosis.
Rule out the distractors: Griesinger sign is postauricular swelling in lateral sinus thrombosis, an ENT sign, not an arm finding. Rising sun sign is an eye sign, not relevant to an arm bulge. Winner sign is not a standard eponym. The arm photo can only be the Popeye sign.
Ref: QJM.