Question

What are warp & weft threads? Briefly explain different operations of a loom.

Hint:

Warp threads run lengthwise; weft threads run crosswise in woven fabric.

Answer 1

Warp and weft are the two thread sets in weaving.

Warp Threads: These are the lengthwise threads held taut on the loom, forming the fabric's structure.
Weft Threads: These are the crosswise threads interwoven over and under the warp threads to construct the fabric.


The principal loom operations are:

Shedding: Alternately raising and lowering warp threads to create an opening (shed) for the weft.
Picking: Passing the weft through the shed with a shuttle.
Beating-up: Using a reed to press the new weft thread against the fabric for density.
Taking-up: Winding the completed fabric onto a beam.
Letting-off: Releasing warp threads from the beam to maintain tension.


These operations collectively interlace warp and weft threads, yielding woven fabric.