Jainism, one of the ancient religions of India, underwent a major schism centuries after the death of its 24th Tirthankara, Mahavira. This split was primarily based on differences in monastic discipline and codes of conduct.
Step 1: Understanding the Question
The question asks to identify the two main sects that emerged from this historical division within Jainism.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation
The two principal sects of Jainism are Digambara and Svetambara.
Digambara: The name literally means "sky-clad". Monks of this sect practice ascetic nudity, symbolizing complete detachment from worldly possessions, including clothes.
Svetambara: The name means "white-clad". Monks and nuns of this sect wear simple, unstitched white cloth.
While both sects follow the core tenets of Jainism like Ahimsa (non-violence), they have differences in scriptures, rituals, and the life story of Mahavira.
The other options belong to different traditions: Mahayana/Hinayana are Buddhist sects, Shaiva/Vaishnava are Hindu traditions, and Madhva/Ramanuja are schools of Vedanta philosophy.
Step 3: Final Answer
The two primary sects of Jain Philosophy are Digambara and Svetambara.